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MAHARASTHRA BOARD 12TH Chemistry

The study of the major concepts and theories required for an understanding of chemical phenomena. Principal topics include atomic and molecular structure, gas laws, stoichiometry, changes of state, chemical binding, solutions, and energetics in chemical reactions, including quantitative measurements of solutions, synthesis, characterization of chemicals by physical and spectroscopic methods, molecular modeling, and student-assigned projects concentrating on quantitative measurements of solutions.

Thermodynamics

 *  Thermodynamic Terms
 *  The System and the Surroundings
 *  Types of Thermodynamic Systems(open,closed,Isolated)
 *  State of the System(work,heat,the general case)
 *  Internal Energy as a State Function
 *  Work
 *  Enthalpy, H
 *  State Function
 *  Extensive and Intensive Properties
 *  Heat Capacity
 *  Relationship Between Cp and CV
 *  Measurement Of ΔU And ΔH: Calorimetry
 *  Enthalpy Change and Reaction Enthalpy
 *  Standerd Enthalpy Reactions
 *  Enthalpy Change during Phase transformation
 *  Standerd Enthalpy of Formation
 *  Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation
 *  Enthalpy of combustion
 *  Enthalpy of atomization
 *  Bond Enthalpy
 *  Enthalpy of Solution
 *  Lattice Enthalpy
 *  Entropy and Spontaneity
 *  Gibbs Energy and Spontaneity
 *  Gibbs Energy Change And Equilibrium

Mock MCQ Videos

Solid State

 *  Introduction to Solid State and its Classification
 *  Crystalline Solids
 *  Amorphous Solids
 *  Molecular Solids
 *  Ionic Solids
 *  Metallic Solids
 *  Covalent Solids
 *  Bravais Lattice
 *  Primitive and Centred Unit Cells
 *  Problems Based on Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
 *  Primitive Cubic Unit Cell
 *  Body - Centred Cubic Unit Cell
 *  Face -Centred Cubic Unit Cell
 *  Problems Based on Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell
 *  Introduction to Closed Packed Structures(Closed Packing in one dimension,Close Packing in Two Dimension,Close Packing in Three Dimension,
 *  Formula of a Compound and Number of Voids Filled
 *  Packing Efficiency in hcp and ccp Structures
 *  Efficiency of Packing in Body - Centred Cubic Structures
 *  Packing Efficiency in Simple Cubic Lattice
 *  Problems Based on Packing Efficiency
 *  Calculation Involving Unit Cell Dimension
 *  Introduction
 *  Types of Point Defects(Stiochiometric,Vacancy,Interstitial,Frenkel,Schottky,Impurity,Non-stiochometric,Metal Excess,Metal Deficiency)
 *  Conduction of Electricity in Metals
 *  Conduction of Electricity in Semiconductors(electron rich,electron deficit)
 *  Application of n type and p type semiconductors
 *  Magnetic Properties(para,dia,ferro,antiferro,ferri)

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Solutions

 *  Types of Solutions
 *  Expressing Concentration of Solutions
 *  Introduction
     1. The solubility of a Solid in a Liquid
     2. The solubility of a Gas in a Liquid
 *  Introduction
     1. Vapour Pressure of Liquid-Liquid Solutions
     2. Raoult’s Law as a special case of Henry’s Law
     3. Vapour Pressure of Solutions of Solids in Liquids
 *  Introduction
      1. Ideal Solutions
      2. Non-ideal Solutions
 *  Introduction
      1. Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure
      2. Elevation of Boiling Point
      3. Depression of Freezing Point
      4. Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
 *  Abnormal Molar Masses
 *  Von't Hoff factor

Mock MCQ Videos

Electrochemistry

 *  Electrochemical Cells
 *  Introduction
      1. Measurement of Electrode Potential
 *  Introduction
      1. Equilibrium Constant from Nernst Equation
      2. Electrochemical Cell and Gibbs Energy of Reaction
 *  Introduction
      1. Measurement of the Conductivity of Ionic Solutions
      2. Variation of Conductivity and Molar Conductivity with Concentration
 *  Introduction
      1. Products of Electrolysis
 *  Introduction
      1. Primary Batteries
      2. Secondary Batteries
 *  Fuel Cells
 *  Corrosion
 *  Faraday's Law

Mock MCQ Videos

Chemical Kinetics

 *  Introduction
 *  The rate of a Chemical Reaction
 *  Introduction
      1. Dependence of Rate on Concentration
      2. Rate Expression and Rate Constant
      3. Order of a Reaction
      4. Molecularity of a Reaction
 *  Introduction
      1. Zero Order Reactions
      2. First-Order Reactions
      3. Half-Life of a Reaction
      4. Pseudo First Order Reaction
      5. Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction
 *  Effect of Catalyst
 *  Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions.

Mock MCQ Videos

Elements of Group 16,17 and 18

 *  Group 16:general Introduction
 *  Electronic Configuration
 *  General Trends in Physical Properties of Elements Across the Periods and Down the Groups
 *  General Trends in Chemical Properties of Elements Across the Periods and Down the Groups
 *  Unique Behaviour of the First Element in Each Group
 *  Groupwise Study of the P Block Elements
 *  Simple Oxides
 *  Ozone
 *  Sulphur — Allotropic Forms
 *  Sulphur Dioxide
 *  Oxoacids of Sulphur
 *  Sulphuric Acid
 *  Introduction
 *  Chlorine
 *  Hydrogen Chloride
 *  Oxoacids of Halogens
 *  Interhalogen Compounds
 *  Group 18: General Introduction
 *  Electronic Configuration
 *  General Trends in Physical Properties of Elements Across the Periods and Down the Groups
 *  General Trends in Chemical Properties of Elements Across the Periods and Down the Groups
 *  Unique Behaviour of the First Element in Each Group
 *  Groupwise Study of the P Block Elements
 *  Occurrence and Uses of Noble Gases;
 *  Structures of Fluorides and Oxides of Xenon

Mock MCQ Videos

Transition and Inner Transition Elements

 *   Position in the Periodic Table
 *  Electronic Configuration
 *  Occurrence and Characteristics
 *  General Trends in Properties of the First-Row Transition Elements: Physical Properties
 *  General Trends in Properties of the First-Row Transition Elements:ionization Enthalpy
 *  General Trends in Properties of the First-Row Transition Elements:oxidation States
 *  General Trends in Properties of the First-Row Transition Elements:atomic Radii
 *  General Trends in Properties of the First-Row Transition Elements:colour
 *  General Trends in Properties of the First-Row Transition Elements:catalytic Behaviour
 *  General Trends in Properties of the First-Row Transition Elements:magnetic Properties
 *  Complex Formation,
 *  Interstitial Compounds,
 *  Alloy Formation.
 *  Preparation, Properties, and Uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
 *  Preparation, Properties, and Uses ofKMnO4.
 *  Lanthanides
 *  Electronic Configuration
 *  Oxidation States
 *  Chemical Reactivity
 *  Lanthanoid Contraction
 *  Electronic Configuration and Oxidation States
 *  Some Applications of d- and f-Block Elements

Mock MCQ Videos

Coordination Compounds

 *  Introduction to Coordination Compounds
 *  Werner’s Theory
 *  Ligands
 *  Coordination Number
 *  Denticity
 *  Chelation
 *  IUPAC Nomenclature of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds
 *  Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
 *  Bonding in Coordination Compounds
 *  Bonding in Metal Carbonyls
 *  Colour and Magnetic Properties
 *  Stability of Coordination Compounds
 *  Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds.

Mock MCQ Videos

Halogen Derivatives

 *  Introduction(Classification and structural isomerism)
 *  Nomenclature
 *  Nature of C-X Bond
 *  Methods of Preparation
 *  Physical Properties
 *  Chemical Properties- I
 *  Chemical Properties- II
 *  Aryl Halides : Introduction and Properties
 *  Aryl Halides : Chemical Properties
 *  Aryl Halides Ring Substitution Reactions
 *  Mechanisms of Substitution Reactions
 *  Uses
 *  Environmental Effects of Dichloromethane
 *  Environmental Effects of Carbontetrachloride
 *  Environmental Effects of Chloroform
 *  Environmental Effects of Iodoform
 *  Environmental Effects of Freons
 *  Environmental Effects of Ddt

Mock MCQ Videos

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

 *  Introduction
 *  Classification
 *  Nomenclature 
 *  Structures of Functional groups
 *  Introduction 1 -Alcohols
 *  Identification of Primary
 *  Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols
 *  Mechanism of Dehydration
 *  Preparation Techniques of Alcohols
 *  Physical Properties - Alcohols
 *  Chemical Properties - Alcohols
 *  Introduction 2 -Phenols
 *  Acidic Nature
 *  Electrophilic Substitution Reactions
 *  Halogenation
 *  Nitration
 *  Sulphonation
 *  Reimer Tiemann Reaction
 *  Physical and chemical Properties of phenol
 *  Introduction 3 - Ether
 *  Structure
 *  Preparation Techniques of Ethers
 *  Physical Properties - Ethers
 *  Chemical Properties - Ethers
 *  Some Important Commercially Alcohols

Mock MCQ Videos

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

 *  Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
 *  Nature of Carbonyl Group
 *  Physical and chemical Properties of aldehydes and ketones
 *  Nucleophilic Addition to >C=O Group
 *  Relative Reactivities of Aldehydes and Ketones
 *  Nucleophilic Addition Reactions (Addition of Hcn, Nh3 and Its Derivatives)
 *  Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones
 *  Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group
 *  Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
 *  Physical and chemical Properties
 *  Chemical Reactions
 *  Uses of Carboxylic Acids.
 *  Carboxylic Acids: Acidic Strength and Factors Affecting It
 *  Chemical Tests to Distinguish Between Aldehydes and Ketones

Mock MCQ Videos

Amines

 *   Structure of Amines
 *  Classification
 *  Nomenclature
 *  Preparation of Amines
 *  Physical and Chemical Properties
 *  Chemical Reactions
 *  Methods of preparation of Diazonium Salts
 *  Physical Properties
 *  Chemical reactions
 *  Importance of Diazonium salts in Synthesis of aromatic Compounds

Mock MCQ Videos

Biomolecules

 *  General Introduction and Importance of Biomolecules
 *  Introduction
 *  Classification: Aldoses and Ketoses
 *  Monosaccharides (Glucose and Fructose)
 *  Constituent Monosaccharides or Oligosaccharides (Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose)
 *  Polysaccharides (Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen)
 *  Proteins: Elementary Idea of Amino Acids
 *  Peptide Bond
 *  Polypeptides
 *  Proteins: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure (Qualitative Idea Only)
 *  Denaturation of Proteins
 *  Enzymes
 *  Vitamins: Classification and Functions
 *  B Chemical Constitution of Dna and Rna
 *  Biological Functions of Nucleic Acids
 *  Nuclei Acids
 *  Hormones

Mock MCQ Videos

Introduction to Polymer Chemistry

 *  Introduction
 *  Classification of Polymers
 *  Molecular Mass of Polymers
 *  Addition and Condensation
 *  Co-Polymerization
 *  Natural and Synthetic Rubber and Vulcanization.
 *  Biodegradable Polymers
 *  Polyethene
 *  Nylon
 *  Polyester
 *  Bakelite

Mock MCQ Videos

Green Chemistry and Nonochemistry

 *  Introduction
 *  Principles of Green Chemistry
 *  Role of Green Chemistry
 *  Introduction to nano chemistry and what is nanoscience
 *  Colour,surface area,catalytic activity,thermal properties,mechanical properties
 *  Different types of synthesis process
 *  Application of nano particles
 *  Nano particles and nano technologies

Mock MCQ Videos

Ionic Equilibrium

 *   Ionic Equilibrium In Solution
 *  Introduction
 *  Arrhenius Concept Of Acids And Bases
 *  The Bronsted-lowry Acids And Bases
 *  Lewis Acids And Bases
 *  Ionization Of Acids And Bases
 *  The Ionization Constant Of Water And It’s Ionic Product
 *  The Ph Scale
 *  Ionization Constants Of Weak Acids
 *  Ionization Of Weak Bases
 *  The Relation Between Ka And Kb
 *  Di- And Polybasic Acids And Di- And Polyacidic Bases
 *  Factors Affecting Acid Strength
 *  Common Ion Effect In The Ionization Of Acids And Bases
 *  Hydrolysis Of Salts And The Ph Of Their Solutions
 *  Buffer Solutions
 *  Solubility Equilibria Of Sparingly Soluble Salts
 *  Solubility Product Constant
 *  Common Ion Effect On Solubility Of Ionic Salts.

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